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.NET Patterns: Architecture, Design, and Process, by Christian Thilmany
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Presenting both an introduction to patterns for programmers working in the .NET environment and a library of patterns to the .NET platform, this book which is a part of John Vlissides' critically acclaimed Addison-Wesley Software Patterns Series, extends the proven concept of design patterns into the arena of .NET design and development.
- Sales Rank: #3990576 in Books
- Published on: 2003-08-28
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.10" w x 6.90" l, 1.56 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 448 pages
From the Back Cover
The complete software developer's guide to working in .NET environments
Praise for .NET Patterns:
"Was both insightful and comprehensive. It's great to see these patterns presented within the context of many architectural dilemmas facing the vastly interconnected enterprise. Web service architects are sure to see enormous value in this text."
—Ed Draper, Microsoft
Patterns have proven to be practical tools for the programmer who knows how to use them. In .NET Patterns, distributed computing and .NET expert Christian Thilmany presents both an introduction to patterns for programmers working in the .NET environment and a library of patterns unique to the .NET platform.
Part of John Vlissides' critically acclaimed Addison-Wesley Software Patterns Series, .NET Patterns extends the proven concept of design patterns into the arena of .NET design and development. Now, .NET developers can depend on patterns to provide solutions to recurring problems in software design.
In addition to covering both lower and higher level programming with patterns, this book also includes helpful primers on XML and web services, as well as thorough coverage of debugging, exceptions, error handling, and architecture.
Whether you're working in .NET environments or transitioning to .NET environments, you'll find .NET Patterns a comprehensive resource for software solutions.
About the Author
CHRISTIAN THILMANY is .NET Solutions Architect for Microsoft Corporation. He has more than 13 years of experience consulting for a variety of Fortune 500 firms in fields such as distributed application architectures for Internet, Intranet, and client/server development. Christian is also a frequent contributor to Java Developer's Journal Magazine, Microsoft Interactive Developer (MIND), and MSDN Magazine.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Preface The Road to .NET and this Book
Until now, we have been inundated with a melee of material in the areas of software architecture, design, and "professional" principles. The need for design material seems to be always at its peak when either a new language or technology appears in the market. When Java first entered the market, you could hear the squalls of developers as they flooded into the local bookstores to pick up the latest copy of Learn Java in 10 Minutes. Not only was Java a new language but it was also a new platform, and it was the language for developing rich Internet applications. Not only were developers challenged with a new syntax but they also had to learn the new semantics of this new development medium. For those new to object-oriented technologies, it meant an even greater learning curve. Everything in Java is an object, and it takes another level of discipline to design robust and reusable applications even after mastering the syntax and its base libraries. Having been programming in Java since its inception, I hope I have come to appreciate the things I would like to see in any new technology material offered. This is especially true in the area of architecture and design. This book is the culmination of many of the "do's and don'ts" I would have liked to have had when I was not only learning .NET but trying to master it, as well.
Before returning to Microsoft as a .NET solutions architect and having embraced Java at one point, I truly have tried to hold myself impartial to the technology and language wars that insued between the two giants of Sun and Microsoft. I never prescribed to becoming truly biased in any one direction. Java definitely has its strengths and before .NET, had become my favorite object-oriented language for many reasons. I loved its syntax, threading model, type system, and especially the base class libraries. From someone coming over from C/C++ and Visual Basic, Java was it. No longer did you have to struggle with the C runtime and the myriad of functionality-overlapped external libraries. But Java wasn't perfect, as we all soon found out. "Write once, run everywhere" wasn't quite as seamless as first promised. Developing a custom Java GUI was not straightforward, and there were too many vendor options for code generation. Object orientation also became more mainstream and, with it, the need for design disciplines.
The Microsoft platforms have their strengths, as well. Visual Basic provides a fast development cycle when building rich GUI applications. As Visual Basic matured, it was becoming harder and harder to justify the need to develop specialized code, such as COM components using a lower level language such as C++. Visual Basic (VB) gave you this with much less effort unless, of course, you were writing a commercial product and needed extremely specialized behavior or a very small .DLL footprint. Using VB, business applications could be brought to production in weeks instead of months. Anyone who has done any GUI development in Java versus VB will understand exactly what I'm referring to. From the development viewpoint, I loved Java but it was too painful putting together GUI applications using AWT, Swing, or whatever third-party library I was using. The third parties made it easier as Java matured but you found yourself indicted with almost too many options. Choose one and you risk adopting a technology that becomes either unsupported or unmarketable. That seems to always be the problem when the inventor of the language doesn't also provide the most popular development environment for the language created. This is the case with Java.
In my humble opinion and even before joining Microsoft I feel that it has always built some of the best Integrated Development Environments (IDEs). Sure, there are more powerful editors out there that provide the truly hard-core developer a feeling of being omniscient. However, for the masses, you want a well-designed, tightly integrated, and user-friendly IDE that is not only reliable but also commonplace. What makes vi so popular in the UNIX world is what makes Visual Studio so appealing—it can be found everywhere. If a Visual Basic or C++ application is going to be written on Windows 2000, Visual Studio is usually your tool. That is not the case in the world of Java. You have editors by BEA, Borland, Sun, IBM, etc., each with their own means of building GUI applications and code generation. As a Java consultant, I was required to try all of the major vendors because it seemed that no one editor was really predominant. For capitalism, this "open market" idea seems compelling but for engineering it can create convolution.
I thought to myself, "If there were only a platform that combined the best of Java with that of Visual Basic, sprinkled with the power of C++." This is what .NET (especially C#) is. I hope I can say this without making too many folks completely red in the face and wanting to put the book down as we speak. But being on both sides of the language wars, I hope I've earned the right to make such an opinion. The .NET framework is everything I loved about Java and much more. No longer do you have to choose a language and suffer the inconsistencies of the libraries that actually drive the development, not to mention other numerous benefits that I'll cover in this book. Being a first-generation product (version 1.1 of the framework is still first generation in my book), I'm astounded by the amount of functionality we have today, and this is the tip of the iceberg. Hopefully, .NET will continue to improve and become the cross-platform development framework of the future and bring along its benefits to those environments for years to come. Considering the amount of functionality already offered in only version 1.1 of the .NET framework and that offered by Visual Studio .NET, I can only imagine how much further the .NET platform will be two years from now. The rate at which Microsoft has generated this relatively different development environment is amazing and reminds me of the rate at which Internet Explorer blossomed into the predominant browser in the market in such a short period of time. That is not just good marketing but also good delivery. If you are a Java developer, take .NET for a serious spin; I cannot imagine you wanting to go back.
I began this book just after .NET Beta 2 was released in hopes that most of major features of the .NET libraries and its runtime would be complete. A year later, the framework version is due to be released and should be out by the time you pick up the first copy of this book. Thankfully, there has not been much change in that time, which says a lot for the thought that went into the original release and the stability of Beta 2. In fact, if you happen to have an old Beta 2 copy around, you are free to test the code referenced in this book. It should both compile and run. After all, this is a design and architecture best practices book. It is hard enough writing code in an environment that is somewhat of a moving target but even harder when trying to develop best practices during that time. The point was to write code somewhat agnostic to the technology. Using Framework 1.1 as an acid test to this, I was pleased to find out that all was compatible. When this book is finally published, .NET 1.0 will have been released for over a year and thousands of developers will be clamoring for content, sample code, and principles to use. Heck, I was doing that during Beta 2.
I hope to help you enter this different world that is a departure from Microsoft's traditional development platforms. Not only is Microsoft introducing what equates to an entirely new set of languages, but it also is providing those same elements that have attracted Java developers to its world. Microsoft is now introducing the aspect of true object orientation for all of those Visual Basic developers who have begun to taste it but not yet truly experience it. Bottoms up to the new taste of .NET; I'm sure everyone will be satisfied with the cooking.
Book Layout
I've divided this book into three major parts. Part I introduces .NET and the elements of design and architecture necessary to begin writing truly sound applications. This includes the lower level plumbing components that most frameworks require. These "framework patterns and practices" apply to all aspects of .NET development, such as exception handling and logging. Part II outlines specific things to do and things not to do in a tier architecture, breaking the pattern classifications up into your three tiers: presentation tier, middle tier, and persistence tier. This highlights not only best practices and implementation patterns but also the more technology-agnostic architecture and design patterns. The final chapter really belongs on its own because it includes more advanced patterns covering topics such as asynchronous behavior, complex threading, and caching. These patterns are needed for many frameworks but are not considered a requirement and, thus, are given their own chapter. Many of the patterns will coincide with the established patterns of the "gang of four," adding to your design tool belt.
In Chapter 1, I will give you a brief technical rundown of XML Web services, the .NET world of object orientation, and a few pattern definitions for those new to this design approach. Throughout the book, I will introduce new .NET topics and some of the features unique to other frameworks that may affect your design and your understanding of the content. I will also begin to plant the seeds of those services supplied by .NET that will be leveraged in the more technology-focused patterns later in the book.
Part I: Building a Framework with .NET Chapter 1—New Framework, New Model, New Measures
Here I take a brief look at patterns, their classifications, and applying them to the .NET framework. I'll introduce patterns for those of you who have never worked with them in the past and provide a process of how they may be applied. I will also frame what separates this development release from all others coming from Microsoft, such as the incorporation of XML Web services.This chapter will also take a brief look at the elements of .NET that will be used to exemplify each practice presented. Although many patterns are technology-agnostic, this is not always the case for implementation and architecture patterns. Here I will briefly review those .NET elements required to grasp the more technology-specific patterns. This will also serve as a "crash course" for those new to the .NET base class library (BCL).
Finally, this chapter takes a deeper looks at patterns, their classifications, and their history. This chapter will be especially important for programmers used to more linear style (e.g., Visual Basic, Active Server Pages, etc.) who may be comfortable with component-oriented COM design but less comfortable with OO design. I'll explain what implementation patterns are and how they are different from architecture and design patterns. Here I talk about the good and the bad of .NET design, architecture, and development by presenting a set of best practices and "named" implementation patterns.
I also will provide a .NET primer along the way to acquaint those unfamiliar with the "library hieroglyphics" used in the upcoming pattern diagrams. These "primers" will be only a "tutorial thumbnail" because there is so much material better suited that will cover the background of these topics in depth.
Chapter 2—Framework Patterns: Exception Handling, Logging, and Tracing
Topics such as debugging, error handling, and logging will be covered in this chapter due to their general applicability and importance. This content belongs right up front in the book because I feel it is one of most important elements of a good design and a robust application overall. To begin with a design of any good framework, you can start with these practices and implementation patterns to put together the initial "plumbing" for your application. Again at this point, you should be comfortable with the .NET technology and of patterns in general. These topics overall are what I call framework patterns because they make up the backbone of the framework and are vital to any application. This includes exception handling, logging, tracing, and many other practices not categorized as presentation, middle-tier, or persistent-oriented. Although much of this code can be placed at the middle tier, much of is vital to all tiers and is categorized as such.
The principles and patterns covered in detail are:
- Exception Handling—Structured error handling with .NET
- Exception Logging—Event logging and instrumentation practices
- Exception Chaining—"Bubbling up" your errors from tier to tier
- Building a Base Exception Class—Creating a foundation for your error handling
- Tracing and Trace Listening—Centralizing and simplifying your instrumentation
- Error and Call Stacks—Presenting and enriching your presented errors
- When, Where, and How to Log—The heuristics of error handling in .NET
- SOAP Exceptions and SOAP Faults—Errors in the Web services environment
- Interop Exception Handling—Errors in the distributed EAI environment
- The following specific implementation patterns will be described in detail:
- Remote Tracer—Tracing and error handling across machine boundaries
- Custom Soap Exception Handler—Error handling in the Web services environment
- System Exception Wrapper—Handling .NET system exceptions
- Soap Fault Builder—Preparing errors to be viewed by Web service clients
This part of the book dives right into the catalog of design and architecture patterns typically (but not always) found at specific tier of an application. Some are simply new twists to old familiar patterns, whereas others are unique. Some of the patterns will be technology-agnostic and others exploit some unique framework features of .NET and, thus, are slightly more technology-specific.
Part II: Creating the Tiers of a Framework Chapter 3—Presentation-Tier Patterns
At this point, you should be comfortable with .NET, Web services, and patterns. Now I delve into the implementation practices for all front-end development. This includes "thin" and "thick" client implementation practices such as screen refreshing, GUI threading, custom control display, and interface template principles. Even more advanced topics, such as asynchronous Web service invocations and client-side threading, will be discussed. If you will be working solely on middle-tier components, you are free to skip this chapter.
As you may surmise, this chapter catalogs patterns found at the presentation tier. This includes:
- Notifying Thread Manager—Create a thread and notify a Windows form
- Pollable Thread Manager— Create a thread and periodically check status
- MultiSync Thread Manager—Combine Notifying and Pollable Thread Managers
- Error Cross-Reference Generator—Error ID generator used during exception handling
- Web Form Template—Base template class for a quick interface layouts
- Stunt Driver—Generic interface for testing a component
- Dynamic Assembly Loader—Dynamic loading and caching driver
Chapter 4—Middle-Tier Patterns
In this chapter, I cover six middle-tier or "business"-tier patterns that can really be applied at any level. This catalog contains all of those patterns that are not typically considered "advanced" yet cannot be truly considered related to the tier-2 tiers, presentation or persistence (data). For those designing an architecture that must present a single point of entry, sometimes it makes sense to start here. This can also be considered an opportunity to design the distributed wrapper that will make all components of your middle-ware accessible yet secure to the outside world. Both the framework patterns and these patterns are the very first pieces I recommend be created for any architecture. These patterns, along with those from Chapter 2, provide the essential elements needed to build a truly dynamic and flexible design. These should also insulate your support from change based on user requirements in the future and allow your developers to concentrate on business rules definition and not "plumbing" problems.
The patterns covered here are:
- Chained Service Factory—Creating a single entry point for Web services
- Unchained Service Factory—A late-bound single entry point for Web services
- Product Manager—Handling unmanaged code in a managed way
- Service Facade—Delegating complex logic from Web services
- Abstract Packet—Handling and passing complex parameter sets
- Packet Translator—Translating those complex parameters sets
Chapter 5—Persistence-Tier Patterns
Here I will focus on the persistent-tier architecture and implementation patterns. This includes database access, streaming practices, and XML schema-based I/O. Here I will get into some of .NET's most powerful XML data features and show how you can exploit them. This includes taking advantage of DataSets, XML schemas, automated data-tier code generation, dynamic data modeling, type-strong schemas, and the flexibilities of XML and how to leverage it.
The architecture patterns covered are:
- Poly Model—Providing a "dynamic physical data model" using XML schemas
- Poly Model Factory—Applying Factory Methods to Poly Models
- Schema Field—Persisting schemas, retrieving schemas, and schema management
- Schema Indexer—Building dynamic indexes using schema and Poly Models
- Abstract Schema—Applying the Abstract Packet pattern in a world of XML schemas
Chapter 6—Process Patterns: Applying .NET Patterns to a Commercial Product
In this chapter, I talk about a real-world .NET commercial application called ProductX that I had the pleasure to lead in the design and architecture effort. I will provide some of the practices we applied to this financial services application and how .NET was used as the migration target technology from a traditional C++/COM-based platform. I will also describe how some of the patterns outlined in this book were applied to its implementation. During this product's development life cycle, I "ate my own dog food," so to speak, by using most of the patterns in this book in a live commercial application.
The patterns from this book that I provide a roadmap to in this commercial application are:
- Poly Model—Applying the Poly Model composite pattern and integrating it with a product database
- Unchained Service Factory—A late-bound single entry point for the Web services used by ProductX for all external access
- Product Manager—Providing the business framework by which all financial components were managed in the Commercial Framework.
- Service Facade—Delegating complex logic from Web services and defining the framework feature set for financial services
Chapter 7—Advanced Patterns
This chapter goes into those patterns I considered advanced. These can be applied at any level and are not consider essential to an application but extremely useful. When performance becomes an issue, some of these patterns can be applied, such as the addition of caching and asynchronous processing. These can be added to enhance a design but should be used in only specific scenarios and with greater caution. If any of these patterns are implemented or applied incorrectly, they will decrease their overall benefit and defeat any reason for applying them.
The advanced patterns include:
- Abstract Cache—Abstracted caching framework using cache object
- Web Service Interface—Interface-based Web services
- Loosely Coupled Transactor—Abstracted asynchronous business transactions
- LCT Server—Server-based Loosely Coupled Transactor
- LCT Client—Client-based Loosely Coupled Transactor
For those who are already comfortable with the .NET framework or do not wish to hear another executive retread of this .NET or of Web services, WSDL, or SOAP you can skip the following section. For those new to SOAP and how Web services work, read on.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
This book is not for WinForm developers
By John Grove
The Patterns that the GoF are all applicable to WinForms, but this book assumes all web developing in its examples. I bought the book because I am a .NET WinForms developer so I if you are a web developer this book may help you, but it didn't do it for me.
I found the original GoF book, "Head First Design Patterns", even "Design Patterns for Dummies" better than this book. Also, it is unfortunate that .NET developers have to resort to these books and do not have a definitive Patterns book in any .NET language. The "Design Patterns in C#" is OK but that book has questions placed in there on nearly every page asking you to do something that isn't covered yet in the book which is bothersome.
.NET developers would do well to stay away from this book even if you are a patterns lover.
5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Practical Book on .NET Patterns
By Josef Schiefer
I really don't understand the bad ratings of other reviewers. Either these reviewers didn't read the book or they are totally in love with theoretical issues on design patterns. This book shows hand on experiences - the authors shows REAL WORLD examples and illustrates how patterns are applied. I found the book very useful and it contains new interesting ideas on implementing PRACTICAL and USEFUL software applications with the .NET framework.
14 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
Great - for a first draft
By Richard Hein
This book is a great resource for .NET Framework developers, with patterns that are very useful and nicely solve many common .NET Framework design challenges. In particular, I like the composite "Poly Model" pattern for a flexible data access layer.
Unfortunetely, the code is full of typos and just plain errors. It is frustrating to see a piece of code querying for the number of rows effected by a query, when the count was already returned to another variable just one line above! Terrible editing has taken much pleasure out of discovering the interesting and effective patterns.
I am most disappointed in the fact that there is no downloadable code samples that show the sample implementations in their entirety, and working (which would at least force the author to make sure the code can compile).
The only reason why I am giving 3 stars is because the patterns presented are excellent overall, but this book is like reading a first draft.
See all 17 customer reviews...
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